Unit 9 Exercise 1 free essay sample

11/21/13 Unit 9 Exercise 1 Light Sources and Components NT1310 Physical Networking 1. Forward Biased LED – A positive voltage is applied to the p and a negative voltage to the n region 2. Incoherent Light- photons emitted from the junction where the p and an region meet 3. Laser- a coherent source of light with a narrow beam and a narrow spectral bandwidth. 4. Output Pattern- Of a laser is very low and narrow, allowing majority of the light energy to be coupled into the core of a single-mode or multimode fiber 5. Output Power-The amount of power able to be transmitted 6. Modulation Speed- 7. Core Diameter Mismatch- Occurs when the cores aren’t physically identical, and core hits cladding. 8. Current- Flow of electricity, or data. A flow of something. 9. PIN Photodiode- A PIN diode is a diode with a wide, lightly doped near intrinsic semiconductor region between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor region 10. Avalanche Photodiode- an avalanche photodiode is a highly sensitive semiconductor electronic device that exploits the photoelectric effect to convert light to electricity 11. Responsivity- measures the input–output gain of a detector system 12. Optical Subassembly- guides the light energy from the optical fiber to the photodiode. 13. Dynamic Range- the range of acceptable or possible volumes of sound occurring in the course of a piece of music or a performance. 14. Operating Wavelength- 15. Fiber-optic coupler- is a device used in optical fiber systems with one or more input fibers and one or several output fibers16 Optomechanical Switch this type of switch redirects an optical signal by moving fiber or bulk optic elements by means of mechanical devices 16. Optomechanical Switch- redirects optical signal by moving a fiber or bulk optic by means of mechanical devices 17. Optical Attenuation- 18. Optical Isolator reduces the effects of interference 19. Wavelength Division Multiplexing- is the combining of different optical wavelengths from two or more optical fibers into just one optical fiber 20. Passive Optical Network- A network that does not used electrically powered equipment or components to get the signal from one place to another. 21. FTTH- a type of PON that uses optical fiber from the central office to the home. With now active electronics helping the transmission 22. FTTB- a type of PON that is similar to FTTH but it is run to building from the central office. 23. FTTC- a type of PON that runs from the central office but it stops at the curb. It needs a converter to add an electric charge. Cooper wire normally replaces the fiber into the building or home. 24. FTTN- to the node is sometimes called fiber to the neighborhood. It is a type of PON that serves the whole community section. Like FTTC, it is converted to an electrical signal carried over a wire to deliver the signal to the home. 25. Feeder Cable- this runs from the central switching point to the local convergence point. 26. Distribution Cable- These cables runs from the local convergence point to the network access point. Unlike feeder cables they dont carry as many optical fibers 27. Drop Point- This is the location where the cable meet and are broken out to the multiple distribution cables. Typically used for single optical fiber cable. 28. Local Convergence Point- is the access point where feeder cables are broken out into multiple distribution cables. 29. Network Access Point- the NAP is a point located close to homes or buildings it services. Within this point there is a distribution cable and it is broken into multiple drop cables. 30. Network Interface Device- a device that serves as a connecting point between you and isp

History of Facebook Transformation

History of Facebook Transformation Analysis of Facebook Facebook remains an amazing success as a social network, but the company has not always been the main social network in the world. Even as it enjoys the reputation, Facebook has to change frequently to protect its business interest from the competition. More than 700 million people use the Facebook platform for business and personal reasons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Facebook Transformation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook collects revenue mainly in the form of online ads. Moreover, the company has introduced many other services that are still in their development phase, but give indications of being revenue sources. Facebook started as â€Å"TheFacebook†. The company started with the mission of empowering people to share information. Porter value chain analysis In the Facebook line of business, access to social media services is free, and revenue comes from adver tising. Additional applications with payment options also bring in revenues. The company offers cost per click advertising and cost per one thousand impressions. It has focused on differentiation of its advertising program from its competitors. Facebook has also sought to make its offering the most affordable in the market; thus, it has gone ahead to target small businesses that have a limited budget for marketing. Differentiation is through specific Facebook interfaces, such as the timeline and its integration with other websites to collect usage data that helps in the matching of advertising. Value chain activities on Facebook include inbound logistics, production, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and services. The activities that are most significant to the customer are production and service. Production involves programming and development of new functionalities for Facebook, which are then used as the basis for offering social network features to users. The increase in the number of users becomes the product sold to advertisers. Service activities for Facebook are the management of user interaction and presentation of different features and designs, as well as delivery of the advertisements within the Facebook platform. Facebook does not do significant marketing and sales, except participating in industry-relevant activities and running web advertisements on other platforms on the Internet. The company uses workshops and other outreach options to ensure that advertisers are aware of all its offerings and have sufficient access to its platform. Marketing also includes product ideas, such as payment platforms tested to determine whether they can be a major source of revenue for the company.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mind mapping Facebook includes a web of activities and its mind map consists of fan pages, profile, groups, dea ls, tips, apps, stats, analytics, places, and development. Under each title, there are different product and customer options available to help grow the Facebook business. Advertising includes sponsored stories and Facebook ads. Breaking down stats leads to reports on user activity, reports on ad popularity, reports on the number of users on Facebook, and reports on specific actions that users are taking on the platform. Breaking down apps reveal the native apps on the platform, the third-party apps, apps that integrate with Facebook pages, apps that automatically create actions on the platform and apps that are for sale or offering payment features. Under the development features, there are social plugins and apps that offer different functionalities that are in current use or can be used to extend the functions of Facebook as a platform to aid clients’ business interests. Under usage, Facebook has groups, pages, and individual profiles. Each of these features offers differe nt functionalities and levels of privacy. Groups and pages are relevant for businesses that want to have more interaction with their customers, in addition to advertising on Facebook. Places include location-based information that populates the Facebook experience of its users and help to target advertising. Places can be on the Internet and within Facebook, as well as physical locations identified by the Facebook algorithms whenever users mention them on their profiles. Facebook had different functions and services in profiles. They include updates about personal network members, privacy settings, control of broadcasts and ad audiences, Facebook messages, photos and tagging, and management of followers and friends. Divergent convergent The acquisition and retention of talented human resources are challenging tasks for companies in high technology industries. Many of them are opting to acquire smaller companies to gain their human resources advantages. Facebook has been able to use this strategy in line with its expansion plans. The practice helps the company to address its competitive advantage needs. The company can preserve a startup team as a cohesive resource bundle. After acquiring a company, Facebook workers get special compensation packages to make them more willing to stay at the bigger company that acquired them. On the other hand, the acquiring company can preserve the dynamic capabilities of the acquired firm. It also gets the tacit knowledge that is embedded in the startups team dynamics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Facebook Transformation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook and other social media platforms continue to embrace the same functionalities for their customers and their users. Facebook has introduced some features that are inspired by its competition in the social media market. It originally started with a user profile that showed updates of friend s activities on Facebook. The company introduced the â€Å"Like† button, which allowed users to express satisfaction quickly without writing anything. Recently, Facebook introduced a â€Å"Follow† option, in addition to friendship. This matches the option of following another person’s profile that is available on Twitter. The company then introduced the blogging feature for its notes, which made it conform to the strategies provided by content management systems that host blogs such as the Google’s Blogger service and the WordPress.com service. Notably, Facebook has introduced â€Å"news feeds† and sponsored posts on its user feeds to match what Twitter is offering on its timelines. The company is targeting all audiences, as it tries to provide different functionalities that all its competitors provide to ensure that it keeps its large user base. Facebook also copied Google+ features of having circles. On its platform, users can categorize friendsh ips in terms of family, close friends, and other categories available by default or created by the user. Recently, Facebook launched its video platform, allowing users to upload videos and share them on its feeds. Meanwhile, it detached its Facebook Messenger platform, which it provides as a standalone app for mobile users, similar to Google’s Hangouts. The above convergence strategies by Facebook are part of the overall industry trend. They help the company to continue attracting a large user base and retain its appeal against the competitive onslaught from its rivals (Sloane 2012). Meanwhile, looking at the overall business processes and intentions of Facebook shows that the company has convergent thinking. Facebook has used all its avenues to bring users to its platform or enhance their experiences so that it can serve ads to the largest user base. The company can consolidate intelligence about users and direct them to view ads from its clients using apps, different platfo rms such as Facebook, Facebook Messenger, Instagram, and WhatsApp, while maintaining the users’ engagement in the respective platforms. The company has chosen to focus on mobile phone users as its avenue for growth. It even uses free internet access offers to different populations around the world to sustain its vision of having the largest number of people using the Facebook platform.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prototyping process and repairing process Facebook tests new platforms or app integrations before making them mainstream features. It separated its messenger services from the mobile Facebook app. The company changed its user requirements for mobile messaging when there was significant uptake. Consequently, users had to use the app. Earlier on, the company asked users to use their real identities online, but it decided to step back from the decision and let users have alternative identities after facing resistance from users and fearing loss of its main user base. The rise of alternatives to Facebook has been a pressure point for the companys change in approach to new products or features (Bort 2014). The company also had a major redesign vision that changed midway after realizing that a personalized newspaper for its users would not be successful, and the move would alienate some of its users. The company tests its prototypes first before adopting them as mainstream practices. Face book uses developers and beta testers who have privilege access to its new services. The company also rolls out services to the public and retracts them when they are not received well (Kapko 2014). Entrepreneurial Skills Adaptability Facebook has purchased more than 50 startup companies and stopped the products and services that the startups were providing. The strategy allows the company in adapting to its environment, being equipped to take on new trends and having well-skilled staff members to inspire new approaches to business environment changes. Facebook started as a social media startup company and has grown to a giant company providing services to 2.5 million advertisers that target its 1.4 billion users (Digital Strategy Consulting 2015). It used app purchases as a revenue stream, and then picked on desktop advertising before launching into mobile advertising. Currently, the company is testing video advertising and targeting companies that would advertise on traditional te levision channels (Digital Strategy Consulting 2015). Facebook has also acquired other companies that have significant user bases and functionalities to expand its portfolio as a new media company. It acquired Instagram, WhatsApp, and TheFind as notable leaders in their respective markets to bring additional market intelligence and functionality. For example, the acquisition of TheFind allowed Facebook to have the largest expertise in product sourcing and leverage its more than 1 billion people on the platform (Bose 2015). The company has also been testing its payment services as it seeks to become an e-commerce platform, in addition to being a social media giant. It has also created new functionalities on its messenger platform to lure businesses and transform the Messenger into an e-commerce platform that will use its peer-to-peer payment service (Mac 2015). Managing cash effectively Facebook started with angle investor funds and eventually made a public offering that transformed it into a public company. The company today relies on strong mobile advertising business, which has helped the company to beat its earnings projections. Its mobile ads revenue has climbed to 90 percent of the company’s revenue. Other sources of funds for the company include desktop advertising and payments. The company has used revenues and investors’ funds to make acquisitions help it grow its advertising and e-commerce business. Focus on customers People use Facebook’s social media options to connect with an audience for business purposes. The Facebook users are its product while its customers are the entities seeking to reach out to the Facebook’s user base. Sometimes, the customers are also users of Facebook and are, therefore, products too. Facebook has been focusing on keeping its ad network clean and effective in leading relevant referrals to clients. It opted to introduce mobile ads, in addition to desktop ads as a way of responding to its clients demand for richer access to its user base. Facebooks customers are the advertisers on its platform. The company has been focusing on both small and large-scale advertisers. It has been making small innovations to its advertising program to allow small businesses to join and useful drive referrals to their businesses. Facebook realizes that many people expect it to deliver social results, but it is also keeping ahead with its business mandate of delivering business results (Abrams 2014). Facebook is allowing advertisers to place their content in the middle of a user’s news stream, such that they are hard to miss during typical Facebook usage. It also offers user data about preferences and associations so that advertisers get a better outcome of their market targeting. Facebook also gets revenues from direct payments for apps and in-app purchases that are on the Zynga platform. It has improved its advertising offerings to include video and partnered with TV rating firm Nielsen to help advertisers plan their campaigns on its platform in comparison to traditional media (Digital Strategy Consulting 2015). Humility Facebook has grown from humble origins, and its management is yet to become arrogant about the business success. The company retains its core leadership and treats its employees well. Mark Zuckerberg, the CEO of the company, is noted for giving out perks and empowering employees. He has built Facebook workplaces to relaxing, and the company offers free lunches while allowing its employees to de-stress without having to leave their workplaces. The company has thousands of employees and remains adaptable to an individual level; being able to consider employee concerns and suggestions for improving the workplace relations and the environment. Humility has been a factor for management that allows the company to retain most of the workforce coming from the acquired companies (Kux 2014). The company’s head is deeply involved in activities that Fa cebook does to grow its business. He communicates frequently with the employees. The leaders can stay engaged in projects without micromanaging, which shows a great value of humility. Creating Managing Alliances Facebook prefers to acquire companies rather than form alliances with them. It has made more than 50 acquisitions since its formation. However, the company has also partnered with mobile telecom companies in the developing world to offer free access to Facebook for its users. It has also partnered with analytics firms like Nielsen to help it serve its customer advertising interests well. However, its alliances with telecom companies in the Middle East have been problematic as many of them complain of reduced revenues as a result of offering access to Facebook at subsided rates (Darwell 2013). Creativity Innovation Most social media services available on Facebook are available at no cost to the users. Nevertheless, the company has to make use of the collective resources it has as a business. The most innovative approaches have been the use of the mined data to present third party businesses with ideas on ways to reach target customers. Another business venture has been the use of the collected consumer intelligence as a product for sale. As Facebook grows, its level of innovation also reduces. However, its leadership has focused on making acquisitions of startup companies that are promising, which has led to improved creativity and innovation. The company has also ensured that it remains a great place to work. Employees can bring all their creativity and put up great projects that transform into commercial successes for the company (Eichenwald 2013). Optimism Inspiration The company continues to lead the transformation of social media and general internet usage. Facebook is showing advertisers new ways of reaching audiences. Moreover, it seeks to become the number one platform for internet advertising, especially for mobile advertising. The company r emains optimistic that more than one billion users will remain active on the platform as Facebook uses that number to entice advertisers to choose Facebook for their marketing campaigns. Facebook is inspired by the startup spirit and has been keen to acquire promising startups that help it to remain innovative. Reference List Abrams, R 2014, Strategies: Facebook entices small firms with mobile ads, usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/abrams/2014/08/01/small-business-facebook-ads/13401769/. Bort, J 2014, Mark Zuckerberg just backtracked on two of Facebooks guiding principles, but thats a good thing, businessinsider.com.au/mark-zuckerberg-backtracks-on-principals-2014-4. Bose, P 2015, The acquisition of TheFind by Facebook might soon result in high-voltage competition with other eCommerce platforms, http://dazeinfo.com/2015/04/01/facebook-acquistion-thefind-ecommerce-platform/. Darwell, B 2013, Facebook partners with mobile carriers to offer free data for Facebook messaging, adweek.com /socialtimes/facebook-partners-with-mobile-carriers-to-offer-free-data-for-facebook-messaging/290597. Digital Strategy Consulting 2015, Facebook takes on TV with new video ad buying tools, digitalstrategyconsulting.com/irntelligence/2015/09/facebook_takes_on_tv_with_new_video_ad_buying_tools.php. Eichenwald, K 2013, Facebook leans in, vanityfair.com/news/business/2013/05/facebook-future-mark-zuckerberg-sheryl-sandberg. Kapko, M 2014, Facebook backtracks big-time on major redesign vision, cio.com/article/2378082/social-media/facebook-backtracks-big-time-on-major-redesign-vision.html. Kux, S 2014, 10 reasons why 99% of Facebook employees love Mark Zuckerberg, lifehack.org/articles/work/10-reasons-why-99-facebook-employees-love-mark-zuckerberg.html. Mac, R 2015, Facebook goes all in on e-commerce by bringing businesses onto messenger, forbes.com/sites/ryanmac/2015/03/25/facebook-goes-all-in-on-e-commerce-by-bringing-businesses-onto-messenger/. Sloane, P 2012, Divergent and convergent t hinking, innovationexcellence.com/blog/2012/10/24/divergent-and-convergent-thinking/.

Pathophysiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pathophysiology - Assignment Example If the patient consumed a diet rich in proteins, sodium, and sugar, then he unknowingly contributed to the accumulation of the kidney stones. In addition, the rate of water intake by the patient possibly contributed more to the maintenance of sodium and calcium metals in his kidneys. An insufficient intake of water by the patient could have led to dehydration and the minute passage of sodium, calcium, and oxalates in small amounts through the kidneys (Editore, 2014). The test results of the patient’s white blood cell count would have been around 11.5 Ãâ€" 109 (4-22.1). This white blood cell count is extremely high for a urine sample, which is a sign of a urinary infection. Blood calcium levels of the patient would have been high, causing the body to store the excess calcium in the bones and pass the rest in urine and stool (Editore, 2014). A CT scan would sensitively reveal the kidney stones explicitly and implicitly through the detection of widened ureters. X-ray results would make urinary tract visible and reveal renal calculi that contain enough calcium for the x-ray to pick up. The best treatment for the patient is lithotripsy if the stones are big. To prevent recurrence, the patient take prescribed medications and drink plenty of fluids while at home or work (Editore,

Corporate Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Culture - Essay Example Corporate culture also assesses on how to study the employee relations within the organization. This involves studying their attitudes, their interpersonal relationships, job satisfaction, and their overall commitment (Anthony, 1994, 23). Therefore, corporate culture mainly asserts the behaviour of employees and their commitment to the success of the organization. According to Willmott, the major concern of corporate culture should be winning the hearts and minds of the employees. This involves defining what they feel, what they think and how they end up acting in the organization. Willmott also asserts that the management should not only concentrate on the behaviour of the employees. Instead, it should also focus on changing their thoughts and feelings towards the organization (Willmott, 1993, 517). This can be argued form the point of view that; people are able to fake their behaviour, but they cannot fake their thoughts or their feelings. An organization should be concerned about the feelings of the employees because; employees are a major valuable asset to the organization. It is the employees who define the direction of the employees and thus, their actions are extremely crucial to the organization as a whole. Changing the thinking of the employees implies that they will have the organization at the back of their minds whenever they do anything. On the other hand, conforming of employees’ feelings implies that; the employees will always have the organization at their best interests (Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2008, 13). This is a case whereby; the employees cannot do or behave in a way that can cause harm to the organization. This also involves protecting the image of the organization as if it were their own. This implies that; once the organization has changed the minds and hearts of the employees, the employees will have all their eyes and ears open on behalf of the whole organization. Therefore, at no one point will the employees act without havi ng positive interests on the organization. However, the management is advised to implement change in the minds and hearts of the employees in such a way that the employees will also benefit from the change (Keller, 2008, 1). Willmott asserts that corporate culture requires employees to devote themselves to the organization and to its values and beliefs. Therefore, by encouraging employees to be devoted to the organization, the employees are consequently required to recognize and be concerned about the security of their employment in relation to their contribution to the organization. Corporate culture seeks to immerse the employees to the organization and thus, requires their full commitment to the operation of the organization (Willmott, 1993, 522). Willmott also provides that organizations will benefit more when they focus on changing the minds and the hearts of their employees. This implies that the management should focus on influencing the way employees think and feel about the organization. Different organizations apply different strategies of changing the thoughts and acts of the employees. However, still they all manage to achieve the goal of changing the minds and hearts of their employees. One key strategy that can help the management of an organization to change the thinking of employees is setting of the right example (Aiken, Galper, Keller, 2011, 51). This is usually the first step of achieving a different behaviour with employees. This is because; the employees will not change unless they first observe it from the leaders themselves. Therefore, the management should first lead by example. This way, it will be able to encourage employees to change too.

Training Staff for Criminal Justice Essay Example for Free

Training Staff for Criminal Justice Essay The three key issues intricate with correctional staff are corruption, staff safety, gender and staffing. Correction officers are people that tried to become cops but failed. So their morals take a huge hit because they are upset about not being able to become a police officer. So it is easier for them to be corrupted because that’s their way of getting back at the system. Another way of corruption is by force and fear; maybe a prison gang is threatening the correctional officer family. Either way I believe that in order to prevent officers of becoming corrupted there should be more cameras and have a better ethics-training program. One effective management policies and procedures is to start a code of ethics program for correctional officers, a program that makes correctional officers comprehend the code of standards of morality since they are involved in greater demands than just being a decent person. They need to understand that without their morals people get hurt or even killed. Second key issue is staff safety there has been horrific situations were inmates murder correctional officers and thus people are afraid to work in prisons. While inmate populations go up, correctional officers are going down because the things you read and hear on the news. For example â€Å" (1) the savage murder of Correctional Officer Jose Rivera on June 20, 2008, by two prison inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Atwater, CA. ; (2) the brutal stabbing of a correctional officer on April 23, 2009, by a prison inmate at the United States Penitentiary in Terre Haute, IN. (3) the brutal stabbing of a correctional officer on November 1, 2009, by a prison inmate at the United States Penitentiary in Lewisburg, PA; and (4) the more than 350 vicious inmate-on-staff assaults that have occurred at various BOP institutions since the murder of Correctional Officer Rivera. † (By Joe Davidson,October 15, 2012) Correctional officers deal with murders, rapists, and mentally ill the refore their job can be very difficult. If failing to protect your staff, visitors and detainees then there can be major implications for your institute. Second effective management policies and procedures for recruiting and training are to set up an investigative committee to search for and punish instances of staff getting hurt. Internal policing should be balanced carefully. There should be more correctional officers at prisons that carry the most notorious criminals. Maybe have more K9s to help prevent attacks from inmates. The third key issues involved with correctional staff is gender and staffing. I don’t believe there should be females in male facilities because most girls love the attention and that’s unprofessional when its in male prisons. You hear on the news about female guards getting impregnated by inmates and that’s very immoral of them. These correctional officers should be in jail because these inmates are people that committed horrible crimes and is in prison to be punished! â€Å"Four female correction officers were impregnated by the reported leader of a Maryland prison gang, which used a network of female prison guards to help launder money, run drugs and smuggle contraband into state detention facilities, according to a federal indictment. (By RUSSELL GOLDMAN, April 24, 2013) These female guards were smuggling contraband and gifts for the black guerrilla family. If we had only male correctional officers in male prisons then there will be less temptation to giving in. Third effective management policies and procedures for recruiting is to watch officers tattoos, these female guards in MD that got pregnant from gang leader of the black guerrilla family had gotten tattooed â€Å"Tevon† on their bodies. Therefore we need to identify and monitor officers suspected of dishonesty. Officers with tattoos such as symbols of gangs on their wrists or necks may be indicating an affiliation or rank in a prison gang. Background checks on correctional officers also may be an effective way of uncovering gang ties and a history of unethical behavior. I think in order to have a good correctional officer you need to find one that’s not affiliated with gangs, try to find a candidate that has no history with gang activity. â€Å"Good officers come from a good environment. They enjoy supportive, two-parent families with siblings, quality education and at least a modicum of financial affluence. They are free of prejudice and abnormal training in arts that no human has any business practicing, such as torture and murder. They feel honest compassion for man, animals and our ecology. They are subject to guidance, oversight, quality control, censure, and feedback loops from moral individuals and real punishment for deliberate acts of abuse. They will know what it feels like to be abused. The scientific application of all these principals will make good corrections officers. †(James Bauhaus, what makes a good prison guard) Plan to Improve Correctional Facilities I believe need to help people stay out of the system. So many are in for minor offenses and come out ten times worse when they arrived inside. I’ve seen friends that came back more violent and more streets smart. So I think there should be a lot more programs and support from the government to help individuals to learn a profession so that they can have a chance to fly straight. â€Å"Once were in jail, theres no point sending us back out to do it all again. Incarceration is the punishment of someone that did something illegal; incarceration is to make someone change for the better. Youve got us locked up, so use the time to help us change. Dont turn out the same person who went in (or a worse person the party bag were sent away with usually includes a nice new line in bullying, violence, manipulation and drug use) because well carry on committing crime, as we dont know any other way to live. If prisons did nothing more than run effective drugs programs, the crime rate over the next five years would be slashed. We advocate therapy, talent recognition initiatives, training, education, and drug and alcohol programs. Some of these already exist, but there arent enough programs, and not enough of them work. In fact, a lot are expensive disasters. (Mark Johnson, The Guardian, 2008) One major target population is women in jail. Female inmates live in the same surroundings as men do however female inmates face more problems because I think they get more emotional then men do thus their issues start growing more and more eventually blowing up their anger amongst women inmates. Overall, the population of women in the criminal justice system is the fastest growing. Women in prison have gone up over twenty percent and over fifteen percent in probation. â€Å"The growth in the female incarcerated population was 2. 2 percent since 2,000. (Leonard Sipes, Statistics on Women Offenders) While the population of women in prison has been going up, there has not been a rise of women prisons. Women are more likely to be in a prison that is far away from their families. Which will hurt their family and even worse their children. With not a lot of contact with their children, I think stress levels get high among women in jail. When you put women into these situations then they look for an alternative to ease the pain and anger. That’s when drugs come into play. â€Å"In Maryland, half the women reported daily heroin use in the six months leading up to their arrest compared to lightly more than a third of men. Half the women reported daily cocaine use compared to 22 percent of men. † (Leonard Sipes, Statistics on Women Offenders) Our budget spending on facilities is ridiculous because the system is not doing what they are supposing so do. They don’t help rehabilitate inmates as much as they should. Pretty much we tax payers are not getting our moneys worth. â€Å"Ten years ago, the correctional healthcare market was $4. 5 billion in annual spending, with approximately 40% outsourced to private vendors. Today, the share of the mar ket served by outsourcing is growing alongside a rising inmate population. As a corollary, the rising costs of healthcare due to a graying correctional population and other factors have doubled the market to over $10 billion. † (Marc Baudry, 2012) There are three major keys to help issues in corrections†¦ the first one is education programs. EVERYONE knows education is very important to succeed in life. Therefore there should be more educational programs and it should be mandatory to attend. I know at first its going to be hard but once inmates get out the system and find a decent job then the word will spread and then inmates will take advantage of these programs. They should capitalize on inmates that have a family. â€Å"McElrath-Bey argues that investment can’t be limited to higher education. Though GED programs exist in most prisons, many inmates are still unable to take advantage. Typically, inmates who have financial support from the outside—from family or friends—are the ones who earn their degrees. Inmates with no help are forced to take prison work, to pay for the food, clothes and toiletries—like soap and toothpaste—that make life bearable inside prison walls. You can either go to school, or you can work to earn the basic necessities you need to survive. (Mathew Fleischer, 2013) Probation and parole is my second major key to help issues in corrections. Sometimes the probation officer gets burnt out and stops caring for inmates. I think there should be more contact and communication with the probation officer and parole. The inmate needs as much help as he can get so probation officers should do as much as he or she can to make sure that the offender does not return to prison. I know there are so many inmates that don’t care and end up coming back to prison but that still shouldn’t stop the probation officer from doing his or her job. My third one is a faith-based program. I’ve seen people change because of their new beliefs and I think that’s what most inmates need. A faith-based program is a good idea because it teaches inmates the way of believing something such as god or whatever religion. People sometimes don’t want to understand the ways of god but when you read and think about the sins you committed then you start to feel some remorse. I’ve seen this happen with two of my cousins. Both were in jail and while reading the bible it helped them understand their need to change for the better. One of them is out working at Sprint as a sales consultant doing very well for himself now. The other is still waiting for his trial in September. Whatever the outcome may be I believe with faith based programs it’ll turn inmates to a better person. One way to improve target population is better social skills for inmates. Prisons need a greater unity between warden, prisoners and staff. Also stop having a race thing. There should be a group of people that are different race put in each cell. Second way to improve population is stop the overcrowding. People that are on edge are more likely to blow up on someone when they are always around. Sometimes an inmate needs some space to try to deal with their issues. My third suggestion to improve target population is to upgrade the prisons and jails because some facilities are rundown and rotting so this could possibly present health and safety hazards for inmates. No one would like to live in poor conditions so its time to have a modernization in correctional facilities. I think with these ideas, inmate issues will decrees and that inmates frustration/problems will be resolved more quickly. Philosophy and Goals of Punishment and Reformation The goals of punishment and reformation are to rehabilitate people that commit crimes and to protect our citizens. History has taught us the nature of corrections, People need to be punished for their actions however sometimes there are some people that are sick and not know what they are doing. Times are changing so there are new tactics/programs to help criminals get back on their feet. â€Å"How criminals were punished and the methods behind the punishment changed throughout the times. Standards of punishment moved from banishment and fines to torture and blood feuds (Siegel Senna, 2005). A more organized system of punishment came forth with the formation of Common Law, which was brought over to the United States from England. With the development of a system, there was a move away from physical punishment toward methods more acceptably used yet today in the United States. † (Elizabeth Renter, 2008) With that said, there are three major challenges to corrections, using an evidence based approach can help determine the best way to deal with different offenders to attempt to achieve the different goals of the criminal justice system. Reformation is to make people fear being punished and to correct peoples behavior. Unfortunately you can go to jail for something minor like possession of drugs, traffic violations, and misdemeanor offences. The first major issue of discussion is prison and jail overcrowding. Numerous reports and television indicate that even down to the local city and county jail, overcrowding has affected the small town as well. The overcrowding of prisons and jails appears to be result of the growing number of offenders of petty crime, who ultimately end up incarcerated for short periods of time. It is hard on correction officers when they have to deal with a large number of population. The second major issue facing corrections is gangs. You always hear it from the guards and inmates that â€Å"numbers is power†. Gangs make it hard for an individual to come in and try to fly straight. Gangs will either make you suffer by selling you to other inmates or your going to have you do illegal actions that might add time to your original sentencing. They are very manipulative and real quick to kill anyone even officers just to make a point. Its all about money and power for prison gangs such as the Mexican Mafia, they make millions working the cartels and making their street gangs to move/sell drugs around the United Sates. There are lots of reasons why convicts go back to jail. They might have gotten use to being locked up and would rather stick to what they know because the real world can be scary, finding a decent job is very hard now, the digital age might be intimidating to the older criminals, and sometimes the system forces you back in. For example if you are from Florida and committed a crime in Virginia when you get out, you have to find a way back home. Sometimes you can’t leave the state till Florida reviews your case and allows you to come back. My third major issue is the increased imprisonment of crimes caused there to be a larger population in facilities, now more then ever there is more hazardous conditions for everyone because correctional officers have to deal with transmissible diseases in their facilities. One of the scariest things is dealing with prisoners with HIV and other catchable diseases. Not all of these individuals catch these diseases by sexual stuff but some of the offenders may have gotten it by sharing needles (drug use). This presents a situation where other prisoners and guards may be at risk for coming into contact with these sick people. My philosophy of corrections that includes using an evidence based approach is to not place every offender in the same category/cell as it would be very hard to deal with certain people that have the same offense. I just think that drug dealers should be all in one prison unless they committed other crimes like murder. White collard criminals should still be in the same prison with blue collard criminals. Blue collard criminals represent a more heinous level of crime however they both stole money even though one did it over the Internet and the other had a gun. Todays correctional policies appear to be unsuccessful in dealing with crime and offenders but in order to work towards a better system, research and development is necessary to understand how to correct these flaws and to build a more improve system for turning offenders into law abiding citizens. Rehabilitation and reformation are still a goal of punishment today in the United States but due to the reoffending criminals it is hard to believe it is possible to get a criminal to change their conduct. This method may work well with drug users that are ready to get clean. In conclusion corrections can be a challenging field today with obstacles in the way of finding the perfect method of dealing with crime and offenders. My philosophy of corrections using evidenced based approach is to limit the penalty for minor offenders. Have them work hard cleaning our country and building homes for poor families. This might reduce people in jail/prisons and improving the way that criminals live by not going for the easy cash. They will have learned a new skill before the leave. â€Å"The truth is, of course, that punishment practices of the recent past have, for the most part, been strikingly lenient. Thoughtful and considered public opinion is capable of recognizing when criminals are not receiving the punishments they deserve. † (Ronald Pestritto, 1996) Three goals of punishment and reformation, prison is an effective form of punishment for bad offenders such as killers and rapists. It serves a purpose to deter criminals from committing their crimes again as well as being a form of retributive justice for the victims. Second is a question, what is reformation? It is a goal of rehabilitation for many offenders, the goal for a prison to punish people instead of death. The loss of freedom to go anywhere, to drive, eat your avorite meal, and to see your friends and family. Third one is I believe a good prison should be an adequate retribution for the crime but also focus on rehabilitating the criminals that committed a minor offence such as steeling something small, people with small amounts of drugs, and young kids. The thing people need to know is that most of these folks in prison are eventually going to come out again. So we think its smart policy to try to change them while theyre locked up, so that when they return to society there will be fewer victims on the street. (Fox Butterfield, Inmate Rehabilitation Returns as Prison Goal, 2001)

Music Censorship :: essays research papers fc

Should Music be Censored? Once people hear about the United States they automatically relate the country to the word â€Å"freedom.† Little do they know that this country has many similarities to countries where censorship plays a major role in their daily lives, due to their government. One of the major issues that involve censorship within the United States is the question whether or not music should be censored; and how will parents or the government decide at what age it is appropriate to allow children to listen to music pertaining profanity? There are two sides to this issue; there are people who are for and there are those who are against censorship in music. At what point does action transcend from a matter of consumer choice to the matter of censorship? I think that the government and parents should not refrain their children from listening to different kinds of music, because once they do that, they deprive their children from knowing what’s happening in our society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People that are for the issue of censorship are usually from the older generation. These people consist of government officials that have children of their own. They believe that music pertaining profanity is one of the main factors for the problems that occur in our society. Such problems consist of an increase in violence and drug use amongst adolescents. An example was the incident that occurred at Columbine High School, where the media and others looked towards music as one of the causes for the incident. They feel that the music promotes sex, drugs, and violence. Critics believe that the children are not quite mature to listen to music with profanity in it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other side of the issue many people think , neither parent nor the government should censor the type of music their children listen to. â€Å"By withholding art it goes against the first amendment that deals with freedom of speech, stated as; Congress shall make no law representing an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and petition the Government for a redress of grievances (Graham).† Another reason why we should not have music censorship is because is that it makes people aware of what is going on in the world. It opens ideas, and brings a whole new meaning to â€Å"art†.

Of Mice and Men and the American Dream Essay

John Stienbeck’s novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is about the death of the American dream. George, Lennie and Candy’s dream is to own their own piece of land to work and live independently on. This dream is destroyed by Lennie’s ignorance and Lennie’s strength, which he cannot control. Curley’s wife’s dream is to be a famous Hollywood actress. Her dream is destroyed by her marriage to Curley and the Hollywood director who promised to contact her about her acting career but never has. Crook’s dream is for equality. Racism and the attitudes of others destroy this dream. Lennie and George’s dream is to own a piece of land to work and live where they can have cows, pigs, chicken a vegetable patch with alfalfa and rabbits. â€Å"O. K Someday – we’re going to get the jack together and we’re going to have a little house and a couple of acres and a cow and some pigs and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ‘An’ live off the fatal the land’ â€Å"We’ll have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit-hunch and chickens. And when it rains in the winter we’ll just say the hell with going’ to work, and we’ll build up the fire in the stove and set around it an’ listen to the rain coming’ down on the roof. (Steinbeck 1937:18) This quote illustrates the dream have about owning their own land and living independently on it, growing and harvesting their own crops in the vegetable patch, farming cows and goats for milk, pigs for ham and bacon and chickens for eggs. When Candy hears about this dream, he wants to become part of it by offering his saved money to fund the purchase of the piece of land and be able to work and live on the land with George and Lennie. George, Lennie and candy’s dream is destroyed by Lennie’s ignorance and Lennie’s ignorance of his own strength. When Lennie is in a stressful situation, like when he wanted to pat the girl’s dress and she screamed, Lennie panics and doesn’t know what to do. Lennie’s strength and ignorance ruins their dream when Lennie and Curley’s wife are talking in the barn. Curley’s wife invites Lennie to feel how soft her hair is. Lennie patted her hair very hard. Curley’s wife, not wanting her hair to be messed up, jerks her head away. Because Lennie is confused he grabs her hair and tries to make her stop yelling. But because Lennie does not know how to control his own strength, he squeezes Curley’s wife’s neck too hard and crushes her spine. Lennie then flees the ranch because Curley wants to kill him for what he did to his wife. So Lennie is not brutally murdered by Curley, George finds Lennie and, because he cannot get him out of trouble, shoots Lennie. Lennie’s uncontrollable strength and ignorance destroyed his, George and Candy’s dream Curley’s wife’s dream is to become a famous Hollywood actress. She dreams of fame, fortune, fancy clothes and large, expensive hotels. Curley’s wife is waiting for a Hollywood director to mail her about becoming an actress. This dream is destroyed by her marriage to Curley because once she is married she is not allowed to pursue an acting career because she has to look after the house, because Curley will not allow her to leave the ranch to become an actress. Her dream is also destroyed by a Hollywood director who believed she had the potential to become a film actress. Curley’s wife meets this director at a dance and he promises he would send her a letter about acting in one of his films, but she never gets the letter so she does not become an actress which is her dream. Her marriage to Curley and the Hollywood director who has not mailed her about her acting career destroys her dream. Crooks dream is to be equal. Because he is black, he is treated differently than others because of their racist attitudes. Crooks must not go in the bunkhouse so he has to sleep in the harness room. He is also abused by the boss of the ranch whenever the boss gets angry. Crooks dreams that he can be treated the same as everyone else, so he does not have to sleep in the harness room instead of the bunkhouse or by abused by another man. â€Å"And he gave the stable buck hell, too† â€Å"Give the stable buck hell? ’ he asked ‘Sure. Yak see the stable buck’s a nigger. † (Steinbeck 1937:22)This quote shows how Crooks is mistreated by the farm boss because he is a black man. The ranch boss thinks he can ill-treat and discriminate against Crooks because he is black. Crooks dream of becoming equal is destroyed by the racist attitudes of others The novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck is about the death of the American dream. The dream of George, Lennie and Candy is to own their own piece of land to work and live on. Lennie’s ignorance and Lennie’s uncontrollable strength destroy this dream. Curley’s wife’s dream is to be a famous Hollywood actress. Her dream is destroyed by her marriage to Curley and the Hollywood director who promised to write to her about her acting career but never has. Crook’s dream is for equality. This dream is destroyed by racism and the attitudes of others.